Glass is initially by the volcano acid rock solidification. About BC 3700 years ago, the ancient egyptians have created simple glass ornaments and glassware, at that time, only the colored
glass, about 1000 years ago, BC produced colorless glass in China. Glass in the 12th century, the commodity, and start to become industrial materials. The 18th century, in order to adapt to
the needs of development of
glass cream jars telescope, making optical glass. In 1873, the Belgian first make plate
glass. In 1906, the
United States make plate glass computer. Since then, with the industrialization and scale of glass production, the performance of a variety of purposes and glass thereafter. Modern, glass
has become a daily life, the production and the important materials in the field of science and technology.
Species usually according to the main ingredients are divided into oxide glass and non oxide glass. The oxide glass varieties and few in number, mainly chalcogenide glass and glass of
halide. Anion of chalcogenide glass
oil dropper bottle such as sulfur, selenium, tellurium, but as the light frequency
and through yellow,
red, and near and far infrared light, its resistance is low, switch and memory characteristics. Halide glass of low refractive index, low dispersion, used in optical glass.
Oxide glass is divided into silicate, borate glass and phosphate glass, etc. Silicate glass refers to the basic composition of the SiO 2 glass, its many varieties, wide application. Usually
in the SiO 2 in the glass and the different content of alkali, alkaline earth metal oxide, is divided into: (1) quartz glass. The SiO 2 content is greater than 99. 5%, low thermal expansion
coefficient, high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, ultraviolet and infrared light, high temperature of the melted, the viscosity, the shape is more difficult. Used in
semiconductor, electric light source, optical communication, laser technology and optical instruments etc. (2) high silica glass. The SiO 2 content about 96%, and its properties are similar
to those of quartz glass. (3) soda lime glass. With the SiO 2 content is given priority to, also contains 16% 15% of the Na 2 O and CaO, its low cost, easy molding, suitable for mass
production, its production accounted for 90% of
30ml dropper bottle practical glass. Creams can produce glass bottles,
glass, utensils, light
bulbs, etc. (4) lead silicate glass. Main ingredients are the SiO 2 and PbO, with high refractive index and volume resistance of metal has the good and invasive and can be used to make the
light bulb, tube core column, crystal glassware, flint optical glass, etc. Contains a lot of PbO lead glass can stop X rays, and gamma rays. (5) aluminum silicate glass. The SiO 2 and Al 2
O 3 as the main ingredients, high softening deformation temperature, used to produce discharge lamp, high temperature glass thermometer, chemical combustion tube and glass fiber, etc. 6
stability, and to make cooking utensils, laboratory instrument, metal welding sealing glass, etc. Borate glass B 2 O 3 as the main composition, melting temperature is low, can resist sodium
vapor corrosion. Borate glass containing rare earth elements high refractive index, low dispersion, is a new kind of optical glass. Phosphate glass with P 2 O 5 as main ingredient, low
refractive index, low dispersion, used in optical instruments.