Fire detection
Product Details
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Fire detection systems have increased in complexity and sophistication as technology has advanced. In particular, the increased computing power now available through the development of low
cost processors has enabled system designers to improve functionally through incorporating numerous features and options into the fire detection system, both in the detector head and in the
control panel. However, not all installations will require the ultimate in facilities and features, and there is still a strong demand for relatively simple conventional systems. There are four elements of a fire system : |
| The Detectors. |
| The Control Panel. |
| The warning sounders and strobes. |
| Ancillary devices such as door closers and fan shut-down units. |
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Detectors fall into two primary types, conventional or analogue. As a further option in intelligent systems, different manufacturers have chosen alternative approaches to providing an alarm signal from the detector. Conventional detectors & analogue sensors differ in their operation & both need to be matched with a compatible control panel to ensure correct operation. In both technologies, the full range of detector types include either ionisation smoke detectors, photoelectric smoke detectors, fixed temperature detectors or rate - of - rise temperature detectors. To decide between a conventional and an intelligent system, defining the intended application of the system is first necessary. If the systems are used in small business environments where only a few detectors are installed, then the fundamental decision between a conventional and an intelligent system is relatively easy to make. Several factors should be considered - the customer may not need a large number of system features, and the cost difference between conventional and analogue sensors may increase the overall system cost appreciably. In such applications, the requirement can usually be satisfied by a conventional system. However, in medium to large installations where a large number of detectors are involved, the decision is not between conventional and intelligent system per se, but between the two alternative approaches to providing intelligence. Conventional Detectors When the detector goes into the alarm state, the circuited feed back to the control panel is activated and the panel indicates a fire in the particular zone. While the conventional detector may appear as little more than a simple on-off switch, signal processing is starting to make an appearance, so that, for instance, the sensitivity can be adjusted locally, moving the point at which the detector goes into alarm, and the sensitivity levels can then self-adjust to compensate as dust enters the chamber. Sounders and Strobes Once a fire is detected, the building's occupants have to be warned so that they can evacuate the premises. Sounders and strobes are available in both conventional and addressable formats; as a further refinement, addressable sounders can draw their power either from the control panel loop, or from a separate external power supply. Externally powered addressable sounders are normally used in systems where a large number of sounders are required because the amount of current can be drawn from the loop is finite, and this might constrain the number of warning devices that can be powered from it. Ancillary Devices Interface modules enable ancillary equipment to be monitored and controlled by an intelligent fire system. A conventional zone module enables a zone of up to 20 conventional two wire detectors to be connected to an intelligent control panel via a single module address on a loop. The module allows the user of lower cost conventional detectors in locations that are physically well defined, and where knowing the individual detector address is not particularly important. |
| FIRE ALARM SYSTEM COMPONENTS |
| Smoke Detectors |
| Heat Detectors |
| Photo Electric Detectors |
| Fire Alarm Panels |
| Public Address Systems |
| Speakers / Hooters / Sounders |
| Repeat Announcing Panels |
| Chordless / Remote Announcers |
| Evacuation Signs |
Fire detection
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