Transmitting Antennas
The ideal antenna is 1/4 wavelength, which is usually 45-50 cm. Since this is not always practical, we find that the most commonly used antenna length is 30 cm. Try to pick an antenna that is the
greatest length that you think your study species can comfortably tolerate. Remember, the longer the antenna, the stronger the signal. But sometimes exiting whip antennas aren't practical at all.
AVM also designs collars with capacitively tuned loop antennas for animals like mustelids (see Collars for details). AVM also designs non-collared modules with perimeter loop antennas for animals
like turtles (see Perimeter Loop Modules for details~