Freezing is a costly maintenance and production problem in outdoor steam systems. Certain guidelines can be followed to minimize process interruption and damage due to freezing. In addition to highlighting these piping and trapping guidelines, the tape covers an often-overlooked problem that can prevent total drainage of the system. Graphics and glass piping illustrate why condensate remains in or upstream of various traps after steam systems are shut down. The tape discusses the use of temperature- and pressure-actuated safety drains to remove remaining condensate.10:52 minutes