Solar Power / Panels
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Variations on standard photo-voltaic technology include a revolutionary new printing process in which the photo-voltaic cells can be printed onto either rigid or flexible materials, including fabrics, roofing tiles, and other materials to provide dramatic versatility in the manner and style of solar power cell deployments. Other variations include lenses for concentrating solar rays for greater output. While traditional photovoltaic panels on the market today achieve an overall energy production efficiency of less than 10% of the incoming solar energy, the inclusion of expensive exotic metals in research applications has achieved efficiencies as high as 38%. The relatively low efficiency of conversion from incoming solar energy remains one of the technological challenges for research facilities.
Since the electrical output of photo-voltaic technology is direct current and varies according to the intensity and incidence of the light available, this power can be used directly to power such equipment as variable speed DC motors, such as for remote pumping installations. For powering typical appliances and electrical equipment, it is necessary to invert DC power to alternating current. Also to use the resultant power at times when the sun is not shining, it is necessary to store the energy produced in a battery bank that can be drawn from at night.
In simplistic terms a photo-voltaic cell is comprised by a series of photodiodes. Photons from light propel electrons associated with the metallic substrate of the solar panel into a higher energy state that are then displaced, creating direct current. A large number of cells are contained in an individual panel, the total output of which varies as a function of the rating of the photodiodes used and the number that are accommodated by a single panel. Photo-voltaic technology is one of the very few sources of power that does not derive from the turning of a coil of copper wire around a magnet. Other technologies that are capable of generating electrical current are all chemical and are the basis for a wide variety of battery types. It takes a lot of individual cells to generate enough power to be usable to power a home or other equipment, and therefore typical configurations include connecting a number of panels together to generate enough power to be useful.
Photo-Voltaic Solar Panels
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Solar concentration is like conventional power generation systems in which a magnet is turned inside a coil of copper wire to produce alternating electrical current. The turning is achieved through heating. While there are a variety of configurations, parabolic solar concentrators are perhaps the most practical. As seen in the image to the right, they focus the sun's heat upon the focus of a parabolic dish, where a working fluid is heated from the solar concentration. Variations of this technology consist mostly of the manner in which solar heat is concentrated and include solar power towers with circumferential mirrors, lenses, parabolic dishes and solar troughs. This technology is appropriate for municipal scale solar power generation and has power output in AC, and is not discussed further. |
- Country:United States
- telephone:1-2735-5003
| Photons from light propel electrons associated with the metallic substrate of the solar panel into a higher energy state |
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