NATURAL GASES

TABLE-4
Estimates for Turkey Natural Gas Potential

In Table-4, some data has been listed showing proved and probable gas reserves, region wise. It is not unrealistic to indicate that this country may have a total of probable reserves around 300 - 500 Billion cubic meter. As comparing to an industrially developed country with a gas consumption of 15 Billions cubic meters per year, this value means an energy resource potential of 20-30 years for Turkey, with its high importance for future economy of the country.

In Turkey, proved total reserves are about some 30 Billion cubic meter. Assuming a producible quantity of % 60 of total gas in-place, it is estimated that a 18 Billion cubic meter can be produced and consumed. By the end of 2000, some 3 Billion cubic meter of gas has been already produced. Nevertheless, by considering the fact that very few areas has been explored and investigated yet, Turkey may have considerable sources having additional quantities of natural gas still subject to extensive exploration works.

NATURAL GAS POTENTIAL OF TURKEY

In the early years of 2000s, it is expected that the natural gas will take a share nearly 30 % of Worlds energy consumption. The oil crises after 1970 resulted with an ever increasing demand for natural gas, and shortly after this event the production of natural gas was increased 7-8 folds.

 Russia Gas networks were connected to European pipelines.

The definition Holy Fire has been used for centuries during all history of human being existence. In old Hellenistic and Egypt history, natural flames of gas leaks on some geological structure surfaces have been recorded for many centuries. In the vicinity of Baku in Azerbeijan, there has been quite a number of discovery of old temples of great importance, where these Holy Fires were existed before Christ. After Christ, in the years of 221 -263 during the empire of ShuHan, Chinese used natural gas for the first time for drying salt. Even they transported gases to other locations using of bamboo grasps by emptying the inner. In 17. Century, there exists some evidences that people in North Italy has used natural gas for lighting and heating purposes. In USA, natural gas was first discovered in 1815 in Charleston, West Virginia, close to a salt mine. In 1820, William Hurt, who is the first man in business, started to operate a commercial natural gas company.

NATURAL GAS IN HISTORY

Most of the above listed properties are consequences of the change of molecular structures and inter-molecular forces under pressure and temperature. Molecular masses of hydrocarbon gases are relatively based on hydrogen atomic weight.

Production of natural gas from thousands of meters of depths, conditioning it in surface processing systems, distribution to distant locations has been a special engineering field and profession. There has been quite number methods and technologies innovated for processes and applications. These extensive works can be classified in basically 5 main groups:

Engineers and technicians dealing with the gas industry should take fuel costs into cosideration very closely. The heating capacity and combustion efficeincy of natural gas as compared to oil fuels or coal is made by some conversion formulas. Understanding of the superiority of natural gas with respect to other fossil fuels has taken considerable long times in the history. Until up to some regulations were announced by national energy conservation foundations, gas was being flared to atmosphere as a unusable byproduct during early oil productions. (This is still in effect in some countries where there are not sufficient level of industrial and domestical consumption). For instance, only in Oklahoma (US) in the period of 1930-1934 the enermous quantity of natural gases that flared up was more than one trillion Cubic feets. At this time, the value of 1000 cubic feet of gas was not more than 1 - 2 cents, meaning that it was equivalent of 1 ton coal per 25-30 cents, or 1 gallon of oil per 0.07-0.15 cents. However, it was this tragedical fact that later caused an enermous development of natural gas technology.

TABLE - 2
Comparison of Properties of Some Combustibles

 in gas phase under normal atmospheric conditions. In some processes, vaporised fractions are converted in liquid phase by the extraction methodes, like LPG (Liquified petroleum Gasses, i.e.,

In Turkey, proved total reserves are about some 30 Billion cubic meter. Assuming a producible quantity of % 60 of